Examples of Pharmaceutical, Agricultural and Specialty Chemicals Synthesis Prepared via STT™ Technology

Reaction	STT™ Conditions
Amine Protection	Conditions: • Ambient Pressure • 100°C • RT (Residence Time) 7 Sec Results: • Quantitative Conversion
Fermentation	Conditions: • Ambient Pressure • 25-30°C • Low Shear, reactor attached to fermentation tank Results: • 40% decrease in fermentation time
Esterification	Conditions: • 1 atmosphere • ~180°C • RT 90 sec Results: • >60x rate increase over batch with H2O removed • ~260x rate increase over batch with H2O retained
Mild Selective Oxidation - Swern Reaction	Conditions: • Ambient Pressure • 30°C • RT 300 sec Results: • 6X rate increase • Typical batch reaction times are 18-24 hours
Selective Oxidation – Toluene	Conditions: • Ambient Pressure • 80-130°C • RT varied Results: • Goal was improved selectivity to benzaldehyde
Hydrogenation	Conditions: • ~18 PSIG H2 • ~60°C • RT 129 Seconds • Run catalyst (Pd) deficient Results: • 13.6% Yield in 2 min
Coupling - Benzyl Acetate Synthesis	Conditions: • Ambient Pressure • 90-100°C • RT 300 sec • No Phase Transfer Catalyst Used Results: • 6X rate increase & comparable yield
Claisen-Schmidt Reaction	Conditions: • Ambient Pressure • 65°C • RT 30 sec Results: • ~7X higher yield, 60X rate increase. • Typical batch reaction times are 18 to 24 hours
Diazonium Coupling	Conditions: • Ambient Pressure • 35-65°C • RT <20 sec Results: • 12x faster with same conversion as batch
Coupling - Amino Acid Synthesis similar to Suzuki	Conditions: • Ambient pressure • ~60°C • RT 13 sec Results: • ~1,000x rate increase with higher conversion
Biginelli Reaction	Conditions: • Ambient Pressure • 60°C • RT 120 sec Results: • 25-50x rate increase to same conversion • Typical batch reaction time is ~9 hours
Carbonylation	Conditions: • 100 PSIG • 63°C • RT 30 sec Results: • 16x rate improvement
Sulfidation	Conditions: • Ambient pressure • 60-75°C • RT 2.5-5 min Results: • 100x rate improvement

The STTŪ process and equipment are covered by multiple patents and patents pending worldwide.
STTŪ is registered with the US Patent and Trademark Office. STTŪ is a trademark of Four Rivers BioEnergy Inc., all rights reserved.